Anne-Christina Budde

Home Institution
Medizinische Hochschule Hannover

Host Institution
Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston
Research Mentors: Maia Kokoeva, Ph.D. and Jeffrey S. Flier, M.D.

E-Mail: annebudde@gmx.de

Research Topic
see Abstract
Personal Reactions to the U.S. Experience
A wonderful time! I have met so many interesting people from all over the world, that it really makes Boston a fascinating place. Boston offers so many opportunities that it is hardly ever boring. Sitting in the middle of 70,000 people on the Boston Common listening to "Carmen" while eating Thai food, running along the Charles River, a lot of great parties, and eating at the "Brown Sugar Café" are just a few things that have made this experience so awesome so far.
The work at the lab is pretty interesting and the people I work with (a very international group with an Asian-German majority) are very nice. When I started to work I was a little nervous to be around all these great researchers, but pretty soon I realised that even in Harvard people only cook with water. The big difference is just the money, especially in a field like obesity research, where the sums of money are just incredibly huge. Getting used to the American way of life was not too hard, since Boston is very much like Europe, in my opinion.
My first contact with the American view of politics, and especially international politics, was very strange, and I thought that I would not be able to talk about politics with Americans for the rest of the year, since I did not want to be in trouble. But I really had to change my opinion on behalf of this issue: I have had great discussions with Americans about politics, the current situation and everything that is involved. My thought that Americans do not question their government and the decisions it makes was very wrong, but maybe Boston is just a different place.
Greatest Difficulties Encountered
Getting the right visa in order to work at Harvard! It took quite a bit of paper work and money to finally get the J1-visa through CIEE. Finding a place to live was not that difficult, once I got used to the prices. Everything over here is just very expensive. The prices are pretty much like the old DM prices, only the DM sign is replaced by the Dollar sign.
The new working techniques at the lab were not too difficult to learn and everybody was more than willing to explain things to me and to help. But it was very difficult to find a place that sells decent coffee!
Most humorous incident
On a Saturday in the fall I wanted to try out an abdominals class at my gym that I had never taken before. I was there on time and just followed the crowd that had gathered in front of the aerobics room. Everybody grabbed a mat and sat down on the floor. So did I. I realised that they all took off their shoes, which I thought was a bit weird, but I did so, too. Then the instructor came in, a guy in his fifties with long grey hair, and he lit some incense. I was starting to wonder a little, but I thought that maybe this was the American way of training your abdominal muscles, since everyone around me was totally fine with it. But when he started some very relaxing Asian music, I just started laughing. Then the instructor looked at me and said, "Oh, if you're looking for the abdominals class, it's next door."
Helpful Hints for Future Students
Since everything is so expensive, try to stop converting the money into the Euro as soon as possible. It will be a lot more fun once you don't worry about it any more. Get the paper work for the visa started really in advance. It sometimes takes a lot of time for the administration over here to sign a piece of paper and to mail it back! Try www.skyways.de for cheap airplane tickets, and for Bostonians, check out Brown Sugar Café (awesome Thai food!) and Café Vittorio in the North End for very good CaféLatte!

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Abstract on Research Topic
The Role of Free Fatty Acids in the Context of Insulin Resistance
Authors
Anne-Christina Budde, Maia Kokoeva, and Jeffrey S. Flier
Institution
Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston
Purpose
To test if the manifestations of insulin resistance in mice are affected by free fatty acids levels in the circulation and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), respectively. If this is generally true, the nature of the effective free fatty acids should be determined (e.g., saturated vs. non-saturated).
Background
Since most type II diabetic patients are obese, and obesity is virtually always associated with insulin resistance, a causal relationship has been suggested. Although it is generally assumed that high energy diets promote obesity, it still remains uncertain how obesity may induce insulin resistance.
Furthermore, there are several lines of evidence indicating that obesity is a low-grade systemic inflammatory disease. Overweight and obese children and adults, as well as animal models of obesity, have elevated serum levels of inflamatory cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor-a (TNF-a). Particulary TNF-a has been demonstrated to be required for high-energy diet induced insulin resistance.
The hypothesis that there is a causal relationship between plasma free fatty acids levels and the development of insulin resistance is thus based on the following findings:
i), obesity is associated with insulin resistance; ii), obesity is also associated with increased levels of plasma free fatty acids (FFA); iii), in vivo and in vitro studies demonstrate that FFA inhibit insulin signaling.
To this end we want to investigate whether there is a correlation between the nature of free fatty acids and their potency of inhibition of insulin signaling.
Methods
Male and female C57BL/6 are fed several different high-energy diets to induce obesity. These diets differ in composition and content with respect to saturated and unsaturated FFA. Body weight and food intake will be controlled weekly and at certain time points blood samples will be collected to measure levels of TNF-a, insulin, glucose, leptin, and free fatty acids. Furthermore, insulin and glucose tolerance as well as insulin sensitivity, energy expenditure and body fat composition will be evaluated. Finally, saturated and unsaturated fatty acids will be administered peripherally and centrally using minipumps, which allow a continuous infusion into the circulation/the third ventricle over a period of 1-2 weeks. Insulin signaling will be tested in these mice.

Results
At this point in time data is not yet available.

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